Triangular functions are a group of periodic mathematical functions that model repeating patterns found in both nature and engineering. They are closely related to trigonometric functions like sine and cosine, but instead of being smooth and curved, triangular functions form straight-line segments that rise and fall linearly, creating a sawtooth-like or “triangular” wave shape. A basic triangular wave increases linearly from a minimum to a maximum value and then decreases back to the minimum, re