Electroslag remelting (ESR) is an advanced secondary refining technique that has become central to the production of high-quality steel. In this process, a consumable electrode is melted through a ...

In 2017, worldwide crude steel production was up by 5.3 % year on year, reaching a total of 1691 million tonnes. 1 Much of this steel was produced using primary processes like electric arc furnaces ...

Critical minerals startup Nth Cycle is betting that its modular approach to nickel refining can make the practice viable in the U.S. and Europe.

Will disrupt a $2.4 trillion-plus market and produce commodities accounting for more than 95% of all mined materials on Earth, reshaping global supply chains, unlocking material abundance, and ...